Blood pressure in hypertension

High blood pressure in hypertension is the main criterion for chronic hypertension that requires urgent treatment. It should be borne in mind that slight fluctuations in blood pressure may occur during the day, which is normal. But if the elevated level remains high for quite a long time or the pressure fluctuates with very large differences, then it is hypertension.

What is the blood pressure of hypertensive patients?

Blood pressure in humans is expressed using two indicators: upper or systolic and lower (diastolic). In an adult, normal blood pressure should be in the range of 120/80 to 129/84 mmHg. Symptoms that indicate the disease:

• headaches in the back of the head;
• insomnia;
• dizziness;
• fainting;
• pain in the region of the heart;
• goosebumps or circles under the eyes.

For hypertensive patients, the criteria vary depending on the stage of the disease, as shown in the table:

Degree of hypertension	Pressure readings in mm Hg. Art.	Symptoms	Treatment
Lightweight	From 140 to 90 to 160 to 100	Blood pressure occasionally increases due to stress Headache	Diet Normalization of lifestyle
Moderately	160/100—180/110	Enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart Vertigo Fainting	Medicines Light exercise Diet
Heavy	Above 180/110	Stroke Heart attack Cardiac arrhythmia Bleeding from the nose	Potent medicines Strict diet

Hypertension is more dangerous than low blood pressure. You should also be careful with the pathology due to the fact that there are practically no symptoms in the initial stages. Late detection of the problem threatens with disruption of the functioning of internal organs and prolonged treatment.

How to measure to get a reliable result?

Blood pressure measurements must be performed correctly, which will depend on the accuracy of the results. Basic rules for measurement:

• Measure before meals, 3 times a day.
• The patient's hand should be at heart level.
• The cuff of the device should be in contact with the skin, but not too tight, so that the index finger can be placed between the cuff and the skin. You have to quickly inflate the air and slowly deflate.
• Do not smoke, drink coffee, tea or alcohol 30 minutes before the procedure.
• Do not speak or strain your hand during the measurement.
• It is better to take measurements on both hands. In this case, the difference between the left and right side should usually not exceed 10%.

Main methods of prevention

For preventive purposes and in order to keep blood pressure normal, you must follow simple requirements:

• track body weight fluctuations;
• the amount of salt consumed must not exceed 5 g per day;
• Do simple exercises every day;
• exclude alcohol and nicotine from consumption;
• add fresh fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.

Proper treatment of high blood pressure

You can stabilize blood pressure, and sometimes get rid of the disease completely, in different ways: traditional or medical. You can lower blood pressure at home with tea and tinctures. Drug treatment should be used with great caution and after consultation with a doctor. With some medications, blood pressure drops very quickly. Medicines are divided into groups listed in the table.

A group of drugs	Indications	Contraindications
ACE inhibitors	Concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease For complex treatment	Chronic kidney disease Allergic reactions
Sartan	Atrial fibrillation Diabetic nephropathy Intolerance to ACE inhibitors	Practically no side effects Pregnancy
Beta blockers	Heart rhythm disorders Angina pectoris	Chronic lung disease
Diuretics	To remove excess fluid from the body, it helps lower blood pressure Diabetes	Hypokalemia: long-term use of the drug removes useful substances from the body
It works quickly	For quick relief of symptoms With complex treatment	Individual intolerance to the components of the drug